Power transmission



May 13, 1941. H. s. w. BLLINGER ETAL Povmn TRANSMISSION 8 Sheets-Sheet 2F11-ed Nov. 6, 1936 perv I 'Il H7/JS l los .lyrynaf e'. [JAC May 131941- H. s w. BOLLINGER Erm. 2,241,764

' rom TRANSMISSION Filed-Nov. s', 1936 a sheets-sheet 4 f/fliarmj.

ja-er y.

May 13, 1941. H. s. w. BLLlNGER TAL 2,241,754'

POWER TRANSMISSION y Filed Nov. 6,4956 8 .sheets-sheet 6 Peteetea ,Mey1s, 194i rowsn raANsMrssroN Hanns Stephan Wilhelm Bliinger and WalterMoritz Alwin Gottschalck, Frankenthal, Pfalz. Germany, assignors toKlein, Schanzlin & Becker Aktiengesellschaft, Frankenthal, GermuyApplication November 6, 1936, Serial No. 109,504

In Germany November 6, 1935 11 claims. (ci. vs -189.5)

The present invention relates to a power transmission,partlcularly to apower transmission ln'whichthe speed of the drive shaft issusbtantiallylmaintaii'iod at all operating conditions of the drivenshaft and which power transmission letter-1s connected te the sheadriven by sere yiiydraulic part and comprises automatically actingcomprises a hydraulic part which comprises a hydraulic coupling and oneor a plurality of hy` draulic torque transformers, whereby said couplingand said transformer or transformers may -be independent. from oneanother with respect to the now of operating iluid or may behydraulically interconnected. Hydraulic transmissions suitable.

for use in connection Awith the present invention are disclosed in theU. S. Patents No. 1,970,236, No.z 1,990,021,4 No. 2,014,944, c No.2,918,616, No.

2,037,252, No. 2,042,189,and1wi1l, therefore, not be described indetailin the present application..

1Ari object of 'the present invention resides in" the provision of atransmission of the'. type described, which transmission comprises speedchanging means arranged in between the driving mctorand the hydraulicpart, whereby the hy-v draulic part of the transmission can operate athigh eiilciency at all operating conditions.

Another object of this invention' is to provide an especially designedcasing 'for a' hydraulic transmission, whereby the operating :duid iscirculated in such marmer that foaming of the fluid is effectivelyprevented and air contained in the iluid is removed. I'he uid which, asa rule, is

mission casing. In between the chambers, the oil passes throughlabyrinth channels which aid in removing air foam from the oil. vThe oilleaves the rotary hydraulic transmission through channels whichareadjacent to the center of rotation and not ona large diameter whichwould cause undesired foaming of the oil. In case'a mechanical changingmechanism is built brake means which temporarily have a braking eect onsaid hydraulic transmission for facilitating the speed changingoperations.

Another object `of this invention resides in the provision of avariable-speed power transmission which comprises a hydraulictransmission and a variable speed mechanical transmission, which latteris connected to the shaft driven by said hydraulic part', and a casingcommon to both said hydraulic and said mechanical transmissions.

A A further object of this invention is to provide a variable speedpower transmission which comprises a hydraulic transmission and a,variable speed mechanical transmission, which latter is connected to theshaft driven by said hydraulic part and comprises a plurality ofclutches, by

' the operation of which the individual speed transoil consecutivelypasses' through a plurality of chambers which are built integral withthe transintegralv with the hydraulic o .the

above mentioned" chambers Aare preferably situ- .ated underneath saidmechanism, whereby conextension-oi the casing of the siderable downwardand theV overall diameter of transmission is saved the casing onlylittle exceeds that of the rotors of the hydraulic transmission. This isimportant when the transmission is used in connection with motor cars,rail cars and the like because the center oi gravity and the axis ofrotation of the 5"! transmission can be situated low down in the car.

"A further object' of the present invention is the provisionora-.variable speed power transmission which comprises a hydraulicvtransmission and a variable speed mechanical tron, which missions aredirectly brought into action and no individual coupling means need beoperated separately from the speed changing operations.

Further and other objects of the present invention will'be hereinafterdescribed in "the ac eompanyng specication and claims and shown in thedrawings which, by way of illustration, show what we now consider to bea preferred embodio ment of our invention.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a.l diagram showing the speed of the drive shaft and the speedof the shaft driving the hydraulic transmission, the driving poweravailable at the driven shaft, the eiciency of the hydraulictransmission of a transmission according to the present invention ascompared with conditions of transmissions known inthe art,

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic layout vof a transmission according to thepresentinvention.A

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic layout of a modied transmission according tothe present invention. Fig. 4 is adiagrammaticlayout of anothervmodification of'a transmission according to the' present invention. AFig. 5 is a diagram showing operating conditions obtained with a tronaccording to Ii'lgr-i.c

Fig 6 is a diagrammaticlayout of a further modification of the presentinvention.

Fig. 'l is a diagram showing operating conditions obtained with atransmission according to Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic layout of.yet another modincation vof the present invention,

' Fig. 9 is a longitudinal horizontal sectional view of a transmissionaccording to the present invention as is partly shown in Fig. 42.

Fig. is a part sectional side view of the transmission shown in Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a horizontal sectional view taken along line II-II of Fig.10.

Fig. 12 is a -transverse sectional view of a transmission according tothe present invention taken along line I2I2 of Fig. 10.

Fig. 13 is 4a transverse sectional view of a transmission according tothe present invention taken along lines I3- I3 and I3-I3 of Fig. 10.

Fig. 14 shows a detail of the gear shifting mechanism of thetransmission shown in Figs. 9 to 13.

Fig. 15 shows another detail of the gear shifting mechanism of thetransmission shown in Figs.9 to 13.

Fig. 16 shows a further detail of the gear shifting mechanism of thetransmiwion shown in Figs. 9 to 13. l

Fig. 17 is a transverse sectional view of the transmission shown in Fig.10 and taken along line ll-II of Fig. 10. V

Fig. 18 is a diagrammatic layout of a modication of the presentinvention.

Fig. 19 is a cross sectional view of the free wheel couplings 6I and 6|'of Fig. 8.

Fig. '20 is a sectional view taken along lin speed n2 of the drivenshaft of a transmission line 6 represents the efilciencies obtained withthe hydraulic part of the transmission according to the presentinvention and in the particular combination as 4will be described later.For the sake of comparison, fthe dotted line 'I shows the driving poweravailable if solely a hydraulic transmission is used. The dotted line 8shows transmission I Il by means ofishaft II.

according to the present invention which will be described later. Theordinates represent the speed n of the driving motor 9 shown in Figs. 2,

3, 4 and 6, and the speed m of the intermediary drivesliaft I3 which isshown in Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 9. With respect to curves 4. 5, and 1, theordraulic part of the transmission operates as' the eiiicienciesavailable from such a transmission which has no speed changing meansconnected therewith. The horizontally shaded areas designated with asign show the advantages obtained with the combination of speed changer,hydraulic coupling, and ,hydraulic torque transformer, which combinationis an object of the present invention. The vertically shaded areasdesignated with a sign show the disadvantages connected with. thecombination according to the present invention, which disadvantages arenegligible as compared with the advantages obtained =by the presentinvention. 'I'he hydraulic coupling operates at favorable efficienciesat a broad range of operating conditions. If the transmission is used,for example, for driving a motor car, a considerably greater startingpower is obtained and, due to the better efciencies at which thehydraulic transmission is operated,` improved .running conditions of beobtained. In Fig. 2, 9 represents a motorwhichis connected with thespeed changing I2 is the hydraulic transmission which is connected tothespeed changer III by means of shaft I3. The hydraulic transmission I2 isof the type set forth in U@ S. Patent No. 1,970,236. It is also showntorque transformer; between absclssae 2 and 3,

' the hydraulic part operates as hydraulic couthe speed n1 of the shaftdriving the hydraulic part is, from this point on, greater than that ofthe motor. shows'the driving power which would be avail- The'dash anddotted hyperbola I in detail in Fig. 9 of the drawings. Toothed wheel 48is rigidly connected with shaft Il; it carries the friction coupling I4one part of which is axially movable but not rotatable on shaft I3 landwhich can be engaged by .laterally moving member I 4' to the left onshaft I 3, which shaft is then connected with shaft Il. Toothed wheel I8is rigidly connected with shaft I3. There is alsoan auxiliary shaft I6to which toothed wheel 49 is rigidly connected, which latter is alwaysin 'engagement with wheel 49. Toothed wheel II is rotatable on shaft I6and is in engagement with wheel I8 and carries a friction clutch I5, one

pling I t is engaged and coupling Il is disengaged.. 'If' it is, desiredthat coupling I2 be4 driven at higher speed,I then coupling II isengaged and coupling Il disengaged. 'I'he power of motor 9 able at thedriven shaft of the transmission if the Y vention consisting'of thecombination of hydraulic torque transformers, hydraulic couplings,

and speed changing means. It is obvious that line 5 comes .closejto theideal line I. The Solid 75 is then transmitted by means of gears 4l and49 to the auxiliary shaft II and therefrom by meansl of clutch I5 andtooth wheels II and Il to shaft I9. The vhydraulic transmission I2drives a shaft 25 to which any member lto be driven may beconnectedr yThe arrangement illustrated by Fig. 2 must not be. interpreted as anarrangement in. which there is a speed changer permanently interposedA`In order to ease the gear shifting operation, a

between theY mot'or 9 and the hydraulic transmission I2 in order toalways drive the hydraulic The following parts cooperate when thetransmission shown in Fig. 2 is set forv operating at first speed:

I I-48-I4-I8-I 3 TheA following parts cooperate when the sametransmission is vset for operating at second speed:

II-48-49-I6-I5-I1--I8--I3 Fig. 3 shows a modification of the arrangementshown in Fig. 2, in which modification the transmission I is so arrangedthat the power supplied by motor 9 is transmitted to the hydraulictransmission I2 by means of speed increasing gears. Motor 9 is connectedto and drives shaft Il. To this shaft, toothed wheels 2U and 22 arerigidly connected. There is another shaft I3 which rotatably carriestoothed wheels I9 and 23 which individually engage wheels 29 and 22,respectively. With wheel I9, a clutch 2| and, with Wheel 23, a clutch 24are connected.v Each clutch has a member which is axially movably butnot rotatably connected with shaft I3. Said last mentioned members canbe axially displaced and thereby the clutches individually engaged bymanipulation of the clutch engaging member 2l'. When one clutch isengaged, the wheel connected thereto is rigidly connected with shaft I3.The power is transmitted either through gears I9, and clutch 2| to shaftI3' or through gears 22, 23 and clutch 24 to shaft I3', whereby thelatter mode of transmission causes a higher speed of shaft I3' than theformer.

In the arrangement according to Fig. 3, power is transmitted by thefollowing parts when the transmission operates at rst speed:

Power is transmitted by the following parts when the transmission is setfor operating at second speed:

I I-22-23-24-I3 A still greater adaptability to variable powerrequirements at the driven shaft of the transmission can be obtained byproviding speed changing means not only between'motor and hydraulictransmission but also at the driven side of the hydraulic transmission.Such an arrangement is schematically shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings. Itconsists of the motor 9, variable speed transmission I0, and hydraulictransmission I2,'w hich parts are arranged in the same manner as shownin Fig. 2; or instead of the variable speed transmission I 0, the gearsI0' as shown in Fig. 3 may be used in place of transmission I-0. To thedriven shaft 25 of the hydraulic transmission l2, transmission 26 isconnected. By engaging clutch 21, the speed of shaft 25 is transmittedunchanged to shaft 28 to which a power consumer, for example, the driveshaft of a car may be connected. By disengaging coupling 21 and movingwheel 29 to the left, power is transmitted from4 shaft 25 by means ofgears 30, 3| and 29, 32 to shaft 28 which then` operates at differentspeed as compared with the speed of shaft 25. A pinion 33 may beprovided which, if moved to the right, engages gears 29 and 32, wherebythe direction of rotation of shaft 28 is reversed with respect to thatof shaft 25.

brake 34 may be provided on shaft '25, which brake prevents racing ofthe parts to the left of shaft 25 as long as the transmission 26 is inneutral position.

`'I'he following parts take part in the transmission of power as shownin Fig. 4 when the transmission takes place at first speed:

l| a-la-lz-zs-an-a l-zs-sz-zs Power is transmitted bythe following partswhen the transmission is set at second speed: I I-48-49-I6-I5-I1-I8-I3-Power is transmitted by the following parts when the transmission is setat third speed:

I I--I4-I3-I2-25-21-28 Power is transmitted by the following parts whenthe transmission is set at fourth speed:

lI--as--asa--lli--ls--l1 V ls-la-lz-zs-zi-za Power is transmitted by thefollowing parts when the transmission is set for slow speed reversedriving:

I I-48-49-IG-I5-I1-I8-I3- By means of curves plotted in a coordinatesystem, the diagram Fig. 5 shows some of the advantages obtained with anarrangement as per Fig. 4. The abscissae represent the speed of shaft28. The ordinates represent in the case of curves 4', 5', and I thedriving power available from shaft 28, for example, in lbs. and in thecase of curves 6' and 8 efficiency in per cent. The dash and dottedhyperbola 4 shows the driving power which would be available at thedriven shaft of the transmission if the eiciency of the transmissionwere 100%. The solid line 5 shows the power available at shaft 28 with atransmission according to the present invention and according to Figs. 4and 5 ,of the drawings. Up to the speed represented by abscissa 5I, thetorque transformer is in operation, and between speed 5I and 53 thehydraulic coupling.v Up to speed 52, the mechanical gears are set forrst speed; from speed 52 to speed 53, the mechanical gears are set forsecond speed; from speed 53 to speed 54, the hydraulic torquetransformer and from speed 53 to full speed the hydraulic coupling is inoperation; from the speed represented by abscissa 53 -to the speedrepresented by abv anism in between the motor and the hydraulictransmssion, conditions are obtained as shown by the dotted line 1'. Itshould be noted that by the arrangement of a speed changing mechanismbetween the motor and the hydraulic transmission a considerably greaterstarting power is available. The increase in power available at shaft 28is Ashown by the horizontally shaded areas and the decrease by thevertically shaded areas. 'The latter is negligibly small. The solid lineefficiency curve 6' shows the efficiency of the hydraulic transmissionin combination with the speed changing mechanism between motor and saidtransmission and the dotted curve 8 the efficiencies when such mechanismis omitted. The improvement in efficiency obtained is represented by thehorizontally shaded areas, the decrease is shown by the verticallyshaded areas; the latter is negligible as compared with the improvementobtained.

A further modification of the invention is schematically shown in Fig. 6of the drawings. In this arrangement the transmission I which isarranged between motor 9 and hydraulic transmission I2 is yso connectedwith transmission I2 and transmission 26', which latter is arrangedbetween the hydraulic transmission I2 and driven shaft 28, that one setof gears of transmission 26 is used for driving transmission I2 atincreased speed, whereby one set of gears is rendered superuous and thetransmission is arranged in one unit which is simpler than thetransmission shown in Fig. 4. In between the motor shaft II and thehydraulic transmission I2, a simple gearing 35, 36 and a clutch 31 arearranged within a casing 38, which casing may be integral with casing 39of the hydraulic transmission.

Transmission 26 comprises an auxiliary shaft 40 which is driven by shaft25 by means of gears The other parts of transmission 26 will be eX-plained by explaining the operation of the transmission illustrated inFig. 6.

The power of motor 9 is transmitted by means' of shaft II, clutch 31which then is in engaged position, and gears 35, 36 to the primary shaft41 of hydraulic transmission I2. 41 is connected to the impeller wheel200 of the hydraulic transmission I2. This impeller wheel causes ow ofthe operating fiuid which drives the turbine wheel 20| to which thesecondary shaft 25 is connected which shaft extends to the left and tothe right inside-of the hollow shaft members 41 and 41 which shaftmembers extend through the walls of casing 39 to the outside of saidcasing. An auxiliary wheel 202 may be interposed in the fluid flow andadapted to be temporarily keyed to the stationary casing by couplingmeans 208 so as to act as a stationary guide wheel and have atorque'converting effect. A morel detailed explanation, of the hydraulictransmission can be found in Figs. 9 and 19-23 of the drawings and thedescription thereto. 'Ihe secondary shaft 25 of transmission I2 isconnected, according to the position the clutch operating member 209 ofdouble-acting clutch 43, either directly to shaft 28 when member 209 isPrimary shaft moved to the right, or when member 209 is moved to theleft, by means of gears 4I, 42, the auxiliary shaft 40, and the gears29', 32' to shaft 28. In both of the last mentioned modes oftransmission either the hydraulic coupling or the hydraulic torquetransformer of the hydraulic transmission I2 may be in operation.

. When it is desired to operate the hydraulic transmission at increasedspeed, coupling 31 is disengaged and power is transmitted by means ofshaft 44 which is an extension of shaft II, clutch 45 which is then inengaged position, gears 42, 4I, and clutch 46 which is in engagedposition to the primary shaft member 41 of the hydraulic transmission I2which lmember carries one part of clutch 46. Operating member 209 of thedouble-acting clutch 43 is then in its extreme right position to connectshafts 25 and 28. Upon moving pinion 33' to the right to engage wheels29' and 32', setting clutch operat-- ing member 209 to the left toconnect shaft 25 and wheel 4|, and transmitting power by means of clutch31, gears 35, 36, and shaft 41 to hydraulic transmission I2, the totaltransmission is set for reverse drive. Transmission 26 may be arrangedin a. casing 50 which is connected with casing 39 of the hydraulictransmission I2. For facilitating the gear shifting operations, a brake34 maybe provided on shaft 25'.

In the arrangement according to Fig. 6, the following parts cooperatewhen the transmission is set for operating at first speed and power istransmitted by means of parts II-31.-35-36- 41I2-25-434I-42-40-29-3228;at second speed power is transmitted by ,means of parts II--31-35-36-41--I2-25-4328; at third speed power is transmitted by meansof parts I I--44--45-42-4I-46--41- I2 25 43-26; at fourth speed power istransmitted by means of parts II-44-45-40-29'-32-28.

When reversing the direction of rotation and at high speed of shaft 28,power is transmitted by means of the following partst II-31-44-45-40-293332'-28.

The solid line curve in diagram Fig. '1 shows the driving poweravailable from shaft 28 at various speeds of shaft 28. In the speedrange up to abscissa 51, the mechanical gears are set for first speed,in the range between abscissae 51 and 59 for second speed, and in therange above the speed represented by abscissa 59 for third speed. Up tospeed 56 and also between 51 and 58, the hydraulic torque transformer isin operation, and in the range between speeds 56 and 51 and from 58upwards, the hydraulic coupling is in operation. The dash and dottedhyperbola 4" shows the ideal operating conditions which are very nearlyapproached by the actual conditions represented by the solid line curve5".

Figs. 8 and 19 show an embodiment of the present invention in which twomotors 9 and 9" are used.4 From motor 9' power is transmitted to shaft60 by means of shaft II', free wheel coupling 6I, shaft 6I', and bevelgears 62, 63, and from motor 9 by means of shaft I I free wheel coupling6I vand bevel gears 62, 63. Shaft 60 carries bevel gear wheel 64 and 65.Wheel 65 is in mesh with wheel 66 and, when coupled up with shaft I3' bymeans of clutch 61, transmits power to hydraulic transmission I2. vIf ahigher -speed of shaft I3 is desired, clutch 61 is so set as to connectbevel gear wheel 68 which is in mesh with wheel 64 with shaft I3'.

Whereas in Figs. 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 schematic showings only are given ofembodiments of the present invention, the now to be described Figs. 9 to1'7, inclusive, show constructional details of the modification shown inFig. 2. These details like coniiguration which movably iits into theconcave spherical surface |91 of casing |94. The center of the sphericalsurface |91 andthe ballshaped end |59 is the same as the centerof-.ririg |55. Casing I9' is rigidly connected with the 5 casing ofthe'hydraullc transmissionA I2, and the latter is rigidlyconnectedwith'casing |58 of the variable speed transmission connected to thedriven shaft 81 oi.' .hydraulic transmission I2.

Casing |98 is provided with two supports which v1o may be resilientlyconnected'with the basefor supporting motor and transmission in theconventional manner. |59 is o ne ofv said supports; the other support|59 is arrangedsymmetrically with respect to supportv |99. Thusthetransmis- 15 sion is supported at three points one of which is thecenter point |59'v of the ball-shaped end |56 and the other two are thesupports |99 and |59 A connected wit-h casing |58.

The speed changing gear I9 is arranged in be- 20 tween shaft I| drivenby the motor andhydraulic transmission I2. lSpeed changing gear I9 is ofthe same construction as is schematically shown in Fig. 2. In theembodiment shown in Fig. 9, the number of teeth of wheel 48 is equal 25to that of wheel 49.l In this case, also the friction clutches I4 and I5can have the same dimensions. The clutches are operated simultaneouslyby means of clutch lever 99 which is shown in Fig. 10 in neutralposition.v By moving 30 lit to the left, clutch I4 is engaged and thegear is set for iirst speed. By 4moving it to the right, as shown inFig. 10, clutchA I5 is engaged and thel gear is set for operating shaftI8 at high speed.

Fig. 11 shows in detail how lever 89 is connected 35 to the forks 19 and1|,which forks are movably. connected with'the clutch shifting discs 12and 19, respectively.

The hydraulic transmission I2 .corresponds to the one shown in Figs. 6,9. and 10 of the draw- 40 ing of the U. S. Patent No..`1,970,236. Thetransmission 'comprises a single closed fiuid circuit withinwhich theworking fluid circulates inthe direction of the arrows and which'comprises a bladed pump or impeller wheel 299, the blades of wheel29|,and a lbladed auxiliary wheel 292, the

' blades of which'are seen in Fig. 22.

The pumpwheel 299 having a collar. 293 at its v rearA side iscooperatively connected through a shell 294 with the driving shaft I9which'rotates 50 .in a bearing 295 supporting the. rotary part of thetransmission device. The turbine wheel 29| is connected withthesecondary shaft 81 which is supported by Aa Vnumber of ball bearingswithin the rotary and the stationary section of the de- |515v vice. i

. 'l l Ik, The auxiliary wheel 292 is keyed toa sleeve 299. Aself-locking and unlocking mechanism 291v of the roller and inclinedslot type 8 (Fig. 23) is provided between the sleeve 2 98 and the casing60 11, so designed that the auxiliary wheel 292 is automaticallyinterlocked with the-casing 11, so as to act periodically as astationary guide wheel L in the manner of the Fttinger torque converterwhen wheel 2oz endeavors mrotate in clockwise 65 direction anothercoupling mechanism 298 of theroller and inclined slot type is DTOVdGd-Mal1- -tomatically interlocking the secondary shaft 81 with the turbine29|, the pump 299 and the 75 manded from the turbine exceeds the torqueof the motor so much that the liquid circulating through wheels 299, 29|and 292 tends to operate wheel 292 in-'a direction which is opposite tothat of the rotation of the pump.' It acts as hydraulic pump-turbinecoupling, when the circulation of the liquid is such as to rotate wheel292 in the same direction as wheel 29| which is the case when the torquedemanded from the turbine end is smaller than the torque supplied by themotor.

New over said .Patent No. 1,970,236 is the ar.l

rangement of the oil flow. through transmission I2. Arr oil pump 14 isdriven by means of-an endless chain 15 which isalso arranged as chainwheel connected `to the hollowshaft 19 which is connected to the pumppart 11 of transmission I2 and driven thereby. Pump 14 is arranged atthe lowest point of the casing 18 of the hydraulic transmission; Thepump draws oil through the suction opening 19 from oil compartment 89and presses the oil through conduit 8|. into oil cooler 'I 82.Therefromthe oil iiows through conduit 83 into the annular space 84.shown in Fig. 9 and therefrom through the hollow shaft 16 into thehydraulic transmission proper, as'is indicated by arrows. From theclearances between the rotors ofl said transmission, the oil ows throughthe radial bores. 8E into the central bore 86 of shaft 81 which is thedriven shaft of the hydraulic. transmission. From bore 89, the oil owsthrough the radial bores 88 into the annular channel' 89 and therefromthrough channel 89 shown in Fig. 13 into the oil collecting chamber 9|.vFrom meh be in Fig 21 b1 ded turbine 45 chamber 9|, the oil passesthrough the labyrinth lvv can .seen Y ,a a

channel 92 which comprises a plurality of sharp bends into chamber 98.It must'be noted that the Vbottoms of chambers 8.9. 9|, and 93 slopeupwards to the right and that the outlet of channel 92 isV at 'a higherelevation than its inlet. The

labyrinth channel 92 has a throttling effect on the oil ow, whereby theoil flow from one chamber into the other is retarded which is importantwhen the transmission rocks as is usual when" 5 it is mounted on avehicle. The chamber 89 hasy a comparatively smallextension in axialdirection butis rather wide; its upper closure has the shape of asemlcircle, whereby the uid level |99 is made to stay at the samedistance I9| over the lowest point of the chamber and over the pump 14.Thereby reliable operation of the pump is assured. vIn axiboirection,the capacity -of the'- chambers II and 98 decreases.- due to the slopingconfiguration of their bottoms. 'Thereby a longitudinalor Aaxial rockingof the transmission has-little influence on the fluid level. |99 and itselevation over pump 14. From chamber 98. the oil flaws to anotherlabyrinth channel 94 into chamber 89. wherefrom it againenters pump 14.On the path of theoil through the several and labyrinthl channels, airand foam are 'separated from the oil. The upper parts of .chambers 89,9|, and 99 are interconnected by means of bores. From chamber .89, theair ente through A.; and 99 into the upper changing 'gear which isarranged between hydraulic transmission i2 and shaft 28. 'IherefromA theair escapes into the atmosphere. The same oil is used for the hydraulictransmission and for lubricating the speed changing gears; opening 81takes care of this. At the lowest point of the casinggan oil dischargeopening 98 for draining the casing is provided. The casing can be filledwith oil by using opening 99.

It should benoted that with the oil flow ar' rangement as described notubing, joints, etc., are required, except the connections between thecasing and the oil cooler. The whole casing is of compact design and hasan outside configuration which Well lends itself to use on motor cars,etc., where the space is limited. In case no speed changing mechanism isused in between motor and hydraulic transmission, the casing of thelatter may be directly flanged to thatof the mooperating disc |02, whichis axially but not rotatably movable on shaft 81 and which is common tothe two friction clutches |03 and |04, is moved to the right. wherebyclutch |04 is engaged and shaft 81 is directly connected with shaft 28.

When it is desired to operate shaft 81 at higher speed than is shaft 28,disc member |02 is pushed to the left, whereby clutch |03 is engaged andshaft 81 is coupled with gear wheel |05 which is in mesh with'gear wheel'|06 which is rigidly connected with auxiliary shaft I 01. To shaft |01,also gear wheel |08 is connected which is in mesh with gear wheel |09which latter wheel is rigidly connected with shaft 28. Power is thentransmitted from shaft 81 to shaft 28 by means of clutch |02, |03, gears|05, |06, auxiliary shaft |01', and speed reducing gears |08, |00.

If it is desired to operate shaft 28 at still lower speed as comparedwith shaft 81, gear wheel ||0 which is axially slidable but notrotatably movable with respect to extension of auxiliary shaft |01 ismoved to the left until it meshes with gear wheel ||2 which is keyed toshaft 81. Disc |02 is held in neutral position and neither clutch |03nor |04 is engaged.

The gear also has a provision for reversing the direction of rotation ofshaft 81. If gear wheel ||3 which isshown in Figs. 13 and 14 is broughtinto a. position to mesh with gear wheels I|2 and ||0 which are in theposition shown in Fig. 14

and the clutch operating disc |02 is in neutralv position, then power istransmitted from .shaft 81 to shaft 28 by means of gear wheels II2, I3,||0 and |08 and I 09, and shaft 28 is rotated in the direction oppositeto shaft 81.

We shall now proceed to describe the mechaf 2,241,764 part of the casingwhich contains the speed the reset of block ||1 which is mounted to thelaterally movable rod H3: Rod ||8 carries another block I|8 alsoprovided with a reset into which itsl the ball-shaped end |20 of lever|I4. By clockwise movement .of lever ||4, rod l I|8 is pushed to theleft and clutch |03 is engaged; by counterclockwise movement of lever II4, clutch |04 is engaged. Rod ||8 is held in left, neutral or rightposition, respectively, by the'provision of notches |2| whichare'individually engaged by ball |22 which is pressed into theindividual notches by means of spring |23. For` carrying out the justdescribed operations, Vlever ||4 is in` the position shown in Fig. 13.

By moving lever ||4 to the left as seen in Fig. 13 into the positionindicated by dash and dotted line |24, block |25 of rod |28 is engaged,to which rod the fork |21 for moving the reverse wheel ||3 is connected.The latter is brought in mesh with-wheels ||0 and ||2 by moving lever|I4 counter-clockwise as seen in Fig. 10 and into the position marked R.

By moving lever ||4 still further to the left as seen in Fig. 13 its end|20 is brought in mesh with block |28 oi' rod |28 which carries fork |38for shifting gear wheel lil. Wheel |I0 is brought into mesh with wheel||2by moving lever ||4 clockwise as seen in Fig. 10 into the positionmarked I. This rst speed is .used very seldom when greatest draw barpull is required.l Generally second and third speed will be used andthese can easily be obtained by using the clutches |03 and |04.

Fig. 16 shows plate I3| for assuring the correct positions of lever ||4-for the various gear shifting operations. 'I'he various portions of thelever end |20 are marked onthe drawings: I indicates the position forfirst speed, II indicates the position for second speed, IlI indicatesthe position for third speed, R indicates the, position for reverseoperation.

For setting the gear for reverse operation or for first speed,- it isdesirable to first somewhat brake the action of shaft 31. The brakingeffect is strongest by engaging that clutch between the parts of whichthe difference of speed is greatest; this is clutch |04 which isslightly engaged when moving lever ||4 sideways as seen in Fig. 13,because the crossv slotl |32.in plate |3| is somewhat out of theposition which assures movement of lever |4 in neutral position. l Lever||4 would be in neutral position if its end |28 would move in a slot asindicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1.6.

Now follows a description of the operation of rod ||8 and setting thegears or rather clutches |03 and |04 for second and third speed by meansof the gas pedal |33 in case the motor for driving thetransmission'according to tlie present For operating clutch operatingdisc |02, this I throttle lever invention is an internal 'combustionmotor. Pedal |33 is connected to alever |34 swlngable about fulcrum |33.When lever |34 is pressed down, this is ldone* against the tension ofspring |38. Lever |34 is resiliently coupled to the gas |31. The.positionv of lever |34 marked A in Fig. 10 corresponds `to the rightrunning condition of the motor with much thxottledv fuel admission; theposition of lever |34- marked B corresponds to the full gas' operation.The movement of the gas throttle vis bynieans of the abutments |38. Ifleyerfijkis pressed further down, for example, until the. positionmarked C is reached, then the movement o f lever |34 takes place againstthe tension of spring |33 because lever |31 had reached its outermostpoamins sition already when lever |34 was in position' B. Connected withlever |34 is a toothed segment which cooperates with and drives toothedsegment |4| which latter revolves about pin |42 and carries a pin |43which latter pin movably carries pawl |44. Pawl |44 cooperates withratchet wheel |45 .which is coaxial with segment |4I. Pawl |44 has anextension |46 which is in abutting engagement with spring |41 whichpresses the pawl onto wheel |45. Ratchet wheel |45 has an internal spurgear |46 which cooperates with and revolves shaft |49 which is providedfor this purpose with an external gear. Shaft |43 carries a crank |50the pin |5| of which is adapted to move in slot |80 of the prelviouslydescribed rod ||3 and which slot is perpendicular to the axis of saidrod. When moving vpedal |33 from position B into position C, crank' |50is turned by 180. In Figs.'12 and 15, the medium or neutral position ofcrank |50 is shown'. I'he shifting of rod ||0 is thus accomplished bythe gas pedal in the same manner as can be done by manipulating'lever 4.When pedal obvious modifications will occur to a person y skilled in theart.

What is claimed is:

l. A power transmission comprising a hydraulic transmission having adrive sha-ft and a driven shaft, ar mechanical variable speedtransmission connected with said drive shaft and comprising partsadapted to be connected with said driven shaft, another variable speedtransmission connected with said driven shaft and having parts in commonwith said first mentioned transmission, said parts being adapted to beconnected with saiddrive shaft, whereby the speed at which saidhydraulic transmission operates can be changed, and a mechanicalconnection between said two mechanical transmissions, said parts commonto both transmissionsincreasing the number of variable speeds availablefrom said transmissions. n

2. A power transmission comprising a hydraulic transmission having adrive shaft and a driven shaft, a mechanical variable speed transmissionconnected with said drive shaft, a variable speed transmission connectedwith said driven shaft,

vwhereby the speed at which said hydraulic transmission operates can bechanged, and a mechanical connection by-passing said hydraulictransmission and interconnecting said two mechanical A transmissions,wherebypower is transmitted dicorresponds to shaft 61 of thetransmission Shown in Fig. 9, shaft 18' -t0 shaft 28 0f said ltransmission, and auxiliary shaft |01' -of said gage clutch |6|. Member|60 is axially butnot rotatably movable on shaft |01. The driving part|62 o f clutch |6| is rigidly connected with lerating disc of clutch |6|to the left to-enrectly from said rst mentioned mechanical transmissionto said Iother mechanical transmission purely mechanically and saidhydraulic transmission can beentirely left out of power transmission.

3. A power transmission comprising a hydraulic transmission having adrive shaft and a `driven shaft, amechanical variable speed transmissionconnected with said driven shaft and also having adriven shaft, saidmechanical transmission comshaft, a set of gear wheels consisting of agear tooth wheel |06' and rotatable on shaft |01'. o

'Ihe power is then further transmitted lby gear wheels |08' and |09' toshaft 26'. Second speed is obtainedby engaging clutch |03' anddisengaging clirtch |6|,.whereby shaft"01' is directly connected withshaft 26'.-

Shaft 28' is coupled up with bevel gear wheel |63 which is in mesh with,two other bevel gear wheels |64 and |65. concentric with wheels-"|04.wheel connected with the driven part of one of said clutches andanother gear wheel connected with said auxiliary shaft,- another set ofgear wheels comprising a gear wheel connected with said auxiliary shaftand another gear wheel con- -nected'with the' driven part of the otherof said 'clutches and with the driven shaft of said mechanicaltransmission, a third set of gear wheels comprising a gear wheelconnected with said driven shaft of said hydraulic transmission and andist is the diserehtisigear system |ss,'|s1, e

|68, |60, the wheels |66 and I6! of which can be coupled either to wheel|64 or to wheel |66 by means of lthe coupling member |10. Member I 'iliis provided with teeth |1| and |12 which are in mesh with teeth |13 or4|14, respectively, aceording to the positionofmember |16.A Member |10 islaterally moved by nger |16' upon rotation of ro`d- |16. Axiallymovableconnection oi.' member |10.with bevel gear wheelslll and |63 is'effected by cooperation of internal projections and resets `provided onmember |10 and external projections andresets provided on member |15which 5 holds wheels |66 and |63.

While we believe the above described cmbodiments of our invention to bepreferred embodi- "ments, we wish it to be understood that we do notdesire to be hunted to theexact details of de- 'another gear wheelaxially movably connected with said auxiliary shaft, gear shifting means4 connected with said last mentioned gear wheel` for axially movingsaidgear wheel on said aux- 'iliary shaft and bringing ,it to mesh withlthat .gear lwheel of said third set of gear wheels which is connectedwith said driven shaft of said hyf draulic transmission, clutch engagingmeans common to all of said clutches, operating means ladapted tooperate said gear shifting means as well asy said clutch engaging means,adjusting means connected with saidoperating means and adapted to causetemporary; engagement of one of said clutches by said clutch'engagingmeans l when said operating means are operated for operatingsaid gearshifting means, whereby a' braking effect is obtained which facilitatesthe gear shifting'ope'ration.

4. A power transmission comprising a hydraulic transmission having adrive shaft and a driven sign and construction shown and described, for-shaft, a mechanical variable-speed transmission connected with saiddriven shaft and also having a driven shaft, said mechanicaltransmission comprising a plurality of clutches, each clutch having adriving and a driven part, said driving parts being permanentlyconnected with said driven shaft of said hydraulictransmission, anauxiliary shaft, a set of gear wheels consisting of a gear Wheelconnected with the driven part of one of said clutches and another gearwheel connected with said auxiliary shaft, another set of gear wheelscomprising a gear wheel connected with said auxiliary shaft and anothergear Wheel connected with the driven part of another of said clutchesand with the driven shaft of said mechanical transmission, a third setof gear Wheels comprising a gear Wheel connectedl with said driven shaftof said hydraulic transmission and another gear wheel axiallymovablyconnected with said auxiliary shaft, gear shifting means connected withsaid last mentioned `gear wheel for axially moving said gearwheel onsaid auxiliary shaft and bringing it to mesh with that gear wheel ofsaid third set of gear wheels which is connected with said driven shaftof said hydraulic transmission, clutch engaging means common to vall ofsaid clutches, operating means adapted to operate said gear shiftingmeans as well as said clutch engaging means, adjusting means connectedwith said operating means and adapted to cause temporary engagement ofthat one of.

said clutches the driven part of which is connected with said drivenshaft of said mechanical transmission when said operating means areoperated for operating said gear shifting means,

whereby a braking effect is obtained which fa-` cilitates the gearshifting operation.

5. A power transmission comprising a hydraulic transmission, amechanical variable speed transmission, an operating fluid for saidhydraulic transmission, a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet on saidhydraulic transmission, a plurality of chamaz'iidci draulictransmission, said mechanical transmission and said chambers.

7. A power transmission comprising a hydraulic transmission, a,mechanical variable speed transmission, an operating fluid for said.hydraulic transmission, a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet on saidhydraulic transmission, a plurality of chambers situated adjacent tosaid mechanical transmission, conduits serially connecting said chambersfor fluid flow, a conduit connecting said fluid inlet with one o f saidchambers, a conduit connecting said fluid outlet with that one of saidchambers which is furthest remote with respect to fluid now from saidchamber connected to said fluid inlet, and a casing common -to saidmechanical transmission and to said chambers.

8. A power transmission comprising a hydraulic transmission, amechanical variable speed transmission, an operating fluid for saidhydraulic transmission, a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet4 on saidhydraulic transmission, a plurality of chambers situated adjacent tosaid mechanical transmission, conduits vserially connecting saidchambers for fluid flow, a conduit connecting said fluid inlet with oneof said chambers, a conduit connecting -sald fluid outlet with that oneof said chambers which is furthest remote with respect to fluidv flowfrom said chamber connected with said .fluid inlet, and a conduitconnecting one of said chambers with said mechanical transmission,whereby the operating fluid is used for operating said hydraulictransmission as well as for lubricating said mechanical transmission..

9. A power transmission comprising, in combination with a hydrodynamicpower transmission consisting of a hydraulic coupling and hyberssituated adjacent to said mechanical trans- .l mission, conduitsseriallyconnecting said chambers for fluid flow, a conduit connectingsaid 1fluid inlet with one of said chambers, and a conduit connectingsaid fluid outlet and that one of said chambers which is furthest remotewith respect to fluid flow from said Achamber connected with 'said fluidinlet.

bers situated adjacent tosaid mechanical transmission, conduits seriallyconnecting said chambers for fluid flow, a conduit connecting said fluidinlet with one of said chambers, Ia conduit con- .necting said uidoutlet with that one of said chambers which is furthest remote withrespect to uid ow from saidchamber connected with said fluid inlet, anda casing common 4to said hydraulic torque transformer integral therewithand having a unified 'opera-ting fluid circuit, a mechanical variablespeed .transmission having a speed increasing Vstage and being disposedahead of said hydrodynamic power transmission with respect to the flowof power.

10. A power transmission comprising a hydraulic coupling and torquetransformer forming a single hydraulic transmission unit, a drive shaftand a driven shaft operatively connected with said hydraulictransmission unit, and a. mechanical, speed increasing variable speedtransmission connected with said drive shaft for changing the speed ofsaid drive shaft.

11. A power transmission comprising a hydraulic coupling and torquetransformer forming a single hydraulic transmission unit, a drive shaftand a driven Vshaft operatively connected with said hydraulictransmission unit,.a mechanical, speed increasing variable speedtransmission connected with said drive shaft, and another variable speedtransmission connected with said driven shaft for -changing theoperating sneed of said hydraulic transmission unit. HANNs STEPHANWILHELM BrLmGER. WALTER MORITZ ALWIN GO'I'ISCHALCK.

